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English to Japanese - Standard rate: 0.10 EUR per word / 30 EUR per hour German to Japanese - Standard rate: 0.10 EUR per word / 30 EUR per hour Japanese to English - Standard rate: 0.10 EUR per character / 30 EUR per hour
English to Japanese: Positive Economy by Milton Friedman ~extraction~ General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Economics
Source text - English I. THE RELATION BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NORMATIVE ECONOMICS
Confusion between positive and normative economics is to some extent inevitable. The subject matter of economics is regarded by almost everyone as vitally important to himself and within the range of his own experience and competence; it is the source of continuous and extensive controversy and the occasion for frequent legislation. Self-proclaimed “experts” speak with many voices and can hardly all be regarded as disinterested; in any event, on questions that matter so much, “expert” opinion could hardly be accepted solely on faith even if the “experts” were nearly unanimous and clearly disinterested. 2 The conclusions of positive economics seem to be, and are, immediately relevant to important normative problems, to questions of what ought to be done and how any given goal can be attained. Laymen and experts alike are inevitably tempted to shape positive conclusions to fit strongly held normative preconceptions and to reject positive conclusions if their normative implications - or what are said to be their normative implications - are unpalatable.
Translation - Japanese I. 実証経済学と標準経済学の関係
実証経済学と標準経済学との間に生じる混乱はある程度までは避けることが出来ない。 経済学の主要な問題は、ほぼ全ての人にとって死活問題に関わる重要な問題であると見なされている。彼自身にとって、そして彼自身の経験と能力の範疇において。経済学は、継続的で広大な論争の源であり、しばしば見られる法律制定にとってのきっかけである。 自称「エキスパート」は多くの声を使って話すが、彼らが言うことはほとんど全て私心のないものであると見なされることはまずない。少なくとも、とても意義のある質問について、たとえ「エキスパート」達の間で満場一致していて、また明らかに私心のない場合であったとしても、「エキスパート」の意見が信用に足るものとして受け入れられることはほとんどない。
実証経済学の結論は、重要な標準的問題に、何がなされるべきかという問いに、そしていかに所定のゴールが達成されるか、に喫緊に直接的な関連のあることであるものだと思われるしまたそうなのである。素人とエキスパートは似たような存在で、強く受け入れられた標準的偏見に合致するように実証的な結論を形作ろうとする避けがたい誘惑に駆られているし、彼らの標準的な含意 - あるいは彼らの標準的な含意と言われるもの - が口に合わない不快なものである場合には実証的結論を拒絶するという避けがたい誘惑に駆られている。
English to Japanese: What Mind Is by Hegel General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Philosophy
Source text - English What Mind (or Spirit) is.
§381. From our point of view Mind has for its presupposition Nature, of which it is the truth, and for that reason its absolute prius. In this its truth Nature is vanished, and mind has resulted as the “Idea” entered on possession of itself. Here the subject and object of the Idea are one – either is the intelligent unity, the notion. This identity is absolute negativity – for whereas in Nature the intelligent unity has its objectivity perfect but externalized, this self-externalization has been nullified and the unity in that way been made one and the same with itself. Thus at the same time it is this identity only so far as it is a return out of nature.
English to Japanese: AN Conversion General field: Other Detailed field: Esoteric practices
Source text - English AN conversion is a major process that our whole reality is going through. It is the process through which the Source, the One original creator, is bringing the whole of creation back into unity.
The universe was created as a reflection of the One in which the One is exploring itself. The One is omnipresent in the universe, and yet at the same time it is beyond. The universe is only a mirror image of the One, which was created with a basic template : quantum dyamics. Quantum dynamics is a system in which the created matter oscillates between all possible potentials. The main factor that determines which potential manifests is Will.
The One is by definition perfect, whole and absolute. Perfection and wholeness means that everything is designed with purpose. However, by creating a system of exploration of all possible potentials, a potential was logically created as an opposite to purpose : randomness, also called contingency :
This universe that we are in now, as we have experienced it so far, is a result of combining both the One and contingency, purpose and randomness. Evil happened accidentally as a result of interaction between will and contingency. Accidents were possible in the universe because the universe is not the pure One, it is only a mirror image of it, and that image is not fully exact because it contains contingency, and therefore the One is not all powerful within the realms of the universe. Evil is a momentum in which will is submerged by contingency, loses connection with the Absolute, gets turned inside out, and starts to be used for the opposite purpose of what it is originally meant for. This is why 'evil' spells 'live' backwards.
Translation - Japanese AN転換とは、全体としての現実が通過する主要なプロセスのことです。このプロセスを通じて、ソース・一者たる原初の創造主（創造者）、が創造の全てをユニティ（合一・統合・一体性・一つ）へと引き戻すのです。
宇宙は、一なるもの（一者: the One）の反映として創造されました。宇宙の中を一なるものは探検・冒険するのです。一なるものは宇宙の至る所に遍在しています。それでもなお、超越した存在なのです。宇宙は、鏡に映る一なるものの像でしかないのです。宇宙は基本的な枠組み・ひな型（テンプレート）を用いて創造されました。つまり、量子力学です。創造された物質が、潜在的に可能なもの・ことのすべての間で振動するようなシステム、それが量子力学です。潜在的などれが顕現されるかを決定する主な要因は【意思】です。
Member since Jun '13
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