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20 years translating Medical, Legal/Contracts, Technical documents with accuracy.
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Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified site user
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English to Portuguese: Endometrial carcinoma General field: Medical
Source text - English OVERVIEW
General Comments
! Defined as cancers above level of cervical os involving
upper 2/3 of uterus
! Corpus uteri carcinoma is most common gynecologic
cancer in USA
! 95% of uterine malignancies are endometrial
carcinomas
Classification
! Endometrial carcinoma (WHO classification)
" Endometrioid adenocarcinoma
" Mucinous adenocarcinoma
" Serous adenocarcinoma
" Clear cell adenocarcinoma
" Mixed cell adenocarcinoma
" Squamous cell carcinoma
" Transitional cell carcinoma
" Small cell carcinoma
" Others
PATHOLOGY
Routes of Spread
! Direct extension
" Most common
" Tumor invades myometrium, cervix, parametria,
adnexa, vagina, urinary bladder, and rectum
! Lymphatic spread
" Regional lymph nodes
% Pelvic nodes (N1)
% Paraaortic nodes (N2)
" Distant metastases (M1)
% Nodes above level of renal veins
% Inguinal nodes
% Supraclavicular nodes
" Nodal metastases may skip
% Tumor spreads through ovarian lymphatics to
paraaortic without pelvic adenopathy
" Anatomic criteria for defining lymph nodes as
pathologic
% Oval nodes " 1 cm in short axis
% Round nodes " 0.8 cm in diameter
% Central necrosis
% Enhancement of nodes or node signal is not
predictive of metastatic lymphadenopathy
% CT and MR have 60-90% accuracy in assessing
involvement of pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes
" Metabolic criteria for defining lymph nodes as
pathologic
% High positive predictive value when nodes 7-15
mm demonstrate increased metabolic activity
% Insensitive for small nodal metastases < 6-7 mm
& Below resolution of most PET cameras
% Increased sensitivity for nodal metastases with
FDG-18 PET
" Increased sensitivity for nodal metastases with MR
enhanced by ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron
oxide (USPIO)
! Hematogenous spread
" Lungs
" Liver
" Bone
" Skin
" Brain (uncommon)
! Peritoneal spread
" Intraperitoneal implants
" Malignant ascites
" High-grade endometrioid, clear cell, serous papillary
subtypes have propensity to spread along serosal and
peritoneal surfaces
General Features
! Comments
" Endometrial cancer can be divided into 2 types
% Type I
& Endometrioid histology
& Includes very common endometrioid
adenocarcinoma
& Up to 70-80% of new diagnoses in USA
& Association with chronic estrogen exposure
& Premalignant disease, such as endometrial
hyperplasia, often precedes cancer
% Type II
& Nonendometrioid histology
& Includes papillary serous and clear cell
carcinomas
& Aggressive clinical course
& No association with estrogen exposure has been
identified
& Not associated with readily observable
premalignant disease
! Genetics
" Rare hereditary form
% Lynch II family cancer syndrome
& Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
& Ovarian cancer
& Endometrial cancer
" Type I endometrial cancers
% Microsatellite instability
% KRAS mutations
% PTEN mutations
% DNA mismatch repair defects
% Mutations in p53
& Less frequent
& Late occurrence in development (differing from
type II cancers)
" Type II endometrial cancers
% Mutations in p53
& Common mutation
% Nondiploid karyotype
% ERBB2 (Her-2/neu) overexpression
! Etiology
" Carcinoma that spontaneously arises from
endometrium that is atrophic or inert
" Risk factors
% Estrogen hormone replacement therapy (2-10x)
% Obesity (2-20x)
% Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (3x)
% Chronic anovulation (3x)
% Tamoxifen (2-3x)
% Nulliparity (2-3x)
% Early menarche (2-3x)
% Late menopause (2-3x)
% Hypertension (2-3x)
% Diabetes (2-3x)
! Epidemiology & cancer incidence
Translation - Portuguese VISÃO GERAL
Comentários Gerais
• Definidos como canceres acima do nível do óstio do útero envolvendo acima de 2/3 do útero
• O carcinoma corpus uteri é o câncer ginecológico mais comum nos Estados Unidos
• 95% dos canceres malignos uterinos são carcinomas endometriais
Classificação
• Carcinoma endometrial (Classificação WHO)
o Adenocarcinoma endometrial
o Adenocarcinoma mucinoso
o Adenocarcinoma seroso
o Adenocarcinoma de célula clara
o Adenocarcinoma de célula mista
o Carcinoma de célula escamosa
o Carcinoma de célula transicional
o Carcinoma de células pequenas
o Outros
PATOLOGIA
Rotas de Propagação
• Extensão direta
o Mais comum
o O tumor invade o miométrio, o colo do útero, paramétrio, anexos, vagina, bexiga e reto
• Propagação linfática
o Linfonodos regionais
Nódulos pélvicos (N1)
Nódulo para-aórticos (N2)
o Metástases distantes (M1)
Nódulos acima do nível das veias renais
Nódulos inguinais
Nódulos supraclaviculares
o As metástases de nódulo podem evitar
O tumor se espalha através do sistema linfático ovariano até o para-aórtico sem adenopatia pélvica
o Critérios anatômicos para definir os linfonodos como patológicos
Nódulos ovais ≥ 1cm no eixo curto
Nódulos redondos ≥ 0,8cm de diâmetro
Necrose central
O contraste de nódulos ou sinal de nódulo não é indicação de linfadenopatia metastática
A TC e a RM tem 60-90% de precisão na avaliação do envolvimento de linfonodos pélvicos e para-aórticos
o Critérios metabólicos para definir linfonodos como patológicos
Alto valor positivo previsto quando os nódulos de 7 a 15 cm demonstram atividade metabólica aumentada
Falta de sensibilidade para pequenas metástases nodais
English to Portuguese: DOENÇA DO TENDÃO - A SÍNDROME DE DE QUERVAIN
Source text - English De Quervain ’ s disease is an overuse tenosynovitis of the
abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons
in the fi rst extensor compartment (EC). Low-grade chronic
microtrauma is thought to underlie the condition, leading
to localized thickening of the extensor retinaculum at the
level of the radial styloid. This results in narrowing of
the fi rst extensor compartment with impingement and
subsequent infl ammation of the abductor pollicis longus
and extensor pollicis brevis tendons. De Quervain ’ s is most
common in the 30–50 year age group in patients who
perform repetitive thumb movements, such as pianists and
typists. Baby wrist affects new mothers as a result of repeated
wrist fl exion and extension with abduction of the thumb
against resistance that occurs while holding the baby ’ s head.
Patients present with pain around the radial styloid with
thumb movement, which typically increases while grasping
heavy objects.
Scanning in the transverse plane gives a good view of the
extensor retinaculum, tendon sheath contents and presence
of internal septa. A thick layer of gel may help image
the contours of the wrist and avoid excessive transducer
pressure, which can displace the synovial fl uid.
The abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
tendons are typically swollen and hypoechoic owing to oedematous
change. They may be diffi cult to distinguish from
one another as they become compressed in the confi ned
space of the osteofi brous tunnel. The extensor retinaculum
which is identifi ed over the radial styloid can be thickened
and hypoechoic, which may be an indication for release.
Fluid and synovial thickening distend the tendon sheath,
which is best seen surrounding the tendons distal to the
retinaculum ( Figs 11.1 and 11.2 ). Dynamic scanning shows
irregular tendon gliding beneath the retinaculum during
thumb extension.
Translation - Portuguese A síndrome de De Quervain é uma tenossinovite do uso excessivo dos tendões longo abdutor e curto extensor do polegar, no primeiro compartimento (EC). Acredita-se que o micro trauma de baixo grau influencia a condição, levando ao espessamento localizado do retináculo extensor no nível do estiloide radial. Isso resulta no estreitamento do primeiro compartimento extensor com o impacto e na subsequente inflamação dos tendões abdutor longo do polegar e extensor curto do polegar. A síndrome de De Quervain é mais comum em grupo de pessoas de 30 e 50 anos, em pacientes que fazem movimentos repetitivos com o polegar, como em pianistas e digitadores. “Mães de primeira viagem” são afetadas devido ao movimento repetitivo da flexão e extensão do punho com a abdução do polegar contra a resistência que ocorre enquanto segura a cabeça do bebê. Pacientes se apresentam com dor e formigamento em volta do estiloide radial com o movimento do polegar, que aumenta tipicamente enquanto pega objetos pesados.
O escaneamento no plano transverso dá uma boa visualização do retináculo extensor, do conteúdo da bainha do tendão e da presença dos septos internos. Uma camada espessa de gel pode ajudar a mostrar o contorno do punho e evitar a pressão excessiva do transdutor que pode deslocar o fluido sinovial.
O tendão abdutor longo e extensor curto do polegar são tipicamente inchados e hipoecoicos devido à mudança edematosa. Podem ser difíceis de distinguir um do outro quando se tornam comprimidos no espaço confinado do túnel osteofibroso. O retináculo extensor que é identificado sobre o estiloide radial pode ser espesso e hipoecoico, o que pode ser uma indicação para liberação.
O fluido e o espessamento sinovial distendem a bainha do tendão que é vista melhor ao redor dos tendões distal ao retináculo (Figs 11.1 e 11.2). O escaneamento dinâmico mostra o deslize suave irregular do tendão sob o retináculo durante a extensão do polegar.
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Translation education
Graduate diploma - Unicentro Newton Paiva
Experience
Years of experience: 14. Registered at ProZ.com: Oct 2008.
I am graduated and post-graduated as a Translator and work with translations since 1999. My specialties are the areas of Medicine, Electronics, Mechanics, Chemistry, Law (Agreements), ISO Certification, Tourism and Law Enforcement (safety equipment).
I am a proactive individual and I am confident that my skills, experience and qualifications bring valuable addition to my translations.
Key strengths that I would bring include:
• Advanced computer proficiency, highly skilled with Microsoft applications
• High attention to detail, with time management and problem-solving skills
• Customer segmentation, profiling, and targeting.
Sincerely,
Barbara Martins
Sou graduada e pós-graduada como Tradutora e trabalho com traduções desde 1999. Minhas especialidades são as áreas de Medicina, Eletrônica, Mecânica, Química, Legal (Contratos), Certificação ISO, Turismo e Policial (equipamentos de segurança).
Sou uma pessoa pró-ativa e confiante que minhas habilidades, experiência e qualificações geram valor agregado às minhas graduções.
Meus pontos fortes são:
• Boas habilidades no pacote Office
• Atenção a detalhes, com habilidade para gerenciamento de tempo e solução de problemas
• Segmentação de clientes, criação de perfil.
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