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Indonesian to English: KERAGAMAN HAYATI RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU BERBASIS PENGETAHUAN ULAYAT DI KOTA PALANGKA RAYA General field: Science Detailed field: Environment & Ecology
Source text - Indonesian Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) merupakan penempatan tumbuhan sebagai struktur ekosistem wilayah kota. Pelaksanaan penentuan RTH membutuhkan berbagai pengetahuan atau disiplin ilmu, salah satunya adalah pengetahuan tentang pemilihan jenis tumbuhan yang akan digunakan. Disamping fungsi RTH sebagai filter udara, daerah resapan air, penyeimbang ekosistem kota, juga diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam menekan terjadinya pemanasan global. Kajian mengenai keragaman Hayati RTH berbasis pengetahuan ulayat di Kota Palangka Raya dalam pemilihan jenis tumbuhan belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan (a) Memperoleh bukti keilmuan bagi jenis-jenis tumbuhan dalam kemampuannya meyerap karbon dioksida (b) Memperoleh peringkat jenis tumbuhan berdasarkan kemampuannya menyerap karbondioksida serta (c) Mendapatkan format luasan area dan sebarannya.
Lokasi penelitian di Kota Palangka Raya meliputi 5 Kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Pahandut, Jekan Raya, Bukit Batu, Sebangau dan Rakumpit. Penentuan jenis tumbuhan setempat berdasarkan pengetahuan ulayat Suku Dayak yang tinggal selama 2-3 generasi di Kota Palangka Raya menggunakan metode wawancara langsung. Jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan adalah tumbuhan setempat dan tumbuhan umum RTH berumur 2-4 bulan. Laju serapan spesifik CO2 jenis tumbuhan menggunakan metode sungkup berukuran 50 x 50 x 30 cm. Analisis CO2 menggunakan Gas Cromathography, di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian Jakenan, Pati, Jawa Tengah. Analisis berat kering, persen dan kandungan karbon organik secara gravimetri dilakukan di Laboratorium Minat Teknologi Hasil Hutan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Palangka Raya.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penentuan jenis tumbuhan lokal oleh masyarakat suku Dayak Kota Palangka Raya berdasarkan paham pamali. Sebagian besar tumbuhan setempat rata-rata memiliki laju serapan spesifik CO2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tumbuhan umum RTH. Peringkat laju serapan spesifik CO2 jenis tumbuhan adalah Pinang Merah (Cyrtostachys lakka Becc.) sebesar 1,37 mgCO2/m2/menit, Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) sebesar 1,35 mgCO2/m2/menit, Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) sebesar 1,29 mgCO2/m2/menit, Kenanga (Canangium odoratum (Lamk.) Hook. dan Thorms. (Lat.)) sebesar 1,22 mgCO2/m2/menit, Bambu Jepang (Dracaena surculosa Lindl.) sebesar 1,22 mgCO2/m2/menit, Trembesi (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.) sebesar 1,19 mgCO2/m2/menit, Tanjung (Mimusops elengi L.) sebesar 1,11 mgCO2/m2/menit, Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) sebesar 1,10 mgCO2/m2/menit, Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) sebesar 0,88 mgCO2/m2/menit, Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) sebesar 0,54 mgCO2/m2/menit, Kelapa Kuning (Cocos eburen) sebesar 0,47 mgCO2/m2/menit dan Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) sebesar 0,43 mgCO2/m2/menit.
Penentuan format area RTH Kota Palangka Raya adalah Bundaran Besar (Pusat Kota Palangka Raya), jalan Mayjen D. I. Panjaitan, jalan Ahmad Yani, jalan Diponegoro, Jalan R. T. A. Milono dan jalan Adonis Samad. Penempatan implementasi jenis tumbuhan dan sebaran RTH sesuai struktur dan fungsi penggunaan lahan untuk meningkatkan laju serapan spesifik karbon dioksida adalah penambahan jenis tumbuhan setempat dalam RTH yang sudah ada yaitu tumbuhan Pinang Merah, Serai, Kenanga, Bambu Jepang, Trembesi dan Tanjung.
Jenis tumbuhan berdasarkan pengetahuan ulayat terbukti secara ilmiah menunjukkan keunggulan dalam tingkat laju serapan karbon dioksida. Terdapat jenis tumbuhan, baik setempat maupun tumbuhan umum RTH, mempunyai ciri laju serapan spesifik fluktuatif. Oleh karena itu, penanaman secara bersamaan (keragaman jenis dalam suatu RTH) dapat saling mengisi kekurangan dan kelebihan masing-masing jenis tumbuhan.
Kata Kunci : Keragaman Hayati, Ruang Terbuka Hijau, Pengetahuan Ulayat, Karbondioksida, Kota Palangka Raya, Tumbuhan umum RTH
Translation - English Green space is about plant setting for ecosystem structure in urban areas. The implementation settlement needs various knowledge or disciplines, one of them is the knowledge about the preferences to plant varieties. Beside the function of green area as air filter, water infiltration, and urban ecosystem balancer, it is hoped it will bring contribution in pressing the global warming effects. The study review about the green open space biodiversity based on the customary or indigenous knowledge in Palangka Raya for the preferences of plant variety has not been committed. The research aims to (a) to obtain the scientific evidences of plants in its ability to absorb carbon dioxide, (b) to achieve the carbon dioxide absorption level of the plant variety, also (c) to obtain the range format and the distribution.
The research location in Palangka Raya municipality covering 5 districts; Pahandut, Pahandut, Jekan Raya, Bukit Batu, Sebangau and Rakumpit district. The determination of plant variety based on the indigenous knowledge of Dayak tribe who have been living for about 2 until 3 generations in Palangka Raya used the direct interview method. The plant varieties used were the 2-4 months old local and general plants. The specific absorption rate of CO2 in plant variety was measured using mulching method at the size 50 x 50 x 30 cm. CO2 analysis used Gas Cromathography in Agriculture Research Laboratory of Jakenan in Pati, Central Java. Dry weight analysis, percentage and the organic carbon plant content was conducted gravimetrically in the Laboratory of Forestry Product Engineering Concentration, Agriculture Faculty, University of Palangka Raya.
The result of the research indicates the determination of local plants by the Dayak society was based on pamali belief. Most local plants have the higher CO2 specific absorption rate than the general green space plants. The level of CO2 specific absorption rate in plants variety were Pinang Merah (Cyrtostachys lakka Becc.) about 1.37 mgCO2/m2/minute, Serai (Cymbopogoncitrates) about 1.35 mgCO2/m2/minute, pepaya (Carica papaya) about 1.29 mgCO2/m2/minute, Kenanga (Canangium odoratum (Lamk.) Hook. and Thorms. (Lat.)) about 1.22 mgCO2/m2/minute, Bambu Jepang (Dracaena sorculosa (Lindl.)) about 1.22 mgCO2/m2/minute, Trembesi (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.) about 1.19 mgCO2/m2/minute, Tanjung (Mimusops elengi L.) sebesar 1.11 mgCO2/m2/minute, Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) about 1.10 mgCO2/m2/minute, Mangga (Mangifera indica Lamk.) about 0.88 mgCO2/m2/minute, Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) about 0.54 mgCO2/m2/minute, Kelapa Kuning (Cocos nucifera sp.) about 0.47 mgCO2/m2/minute and Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) about 0.43 mgCO2/m2/minute.
The settlement area of green open space in Palangka Raya ranged from Bundaran Besar (central of Palangka Raya city), Mayjen. D.I. Panjaitan, Ahmad Yani, Diponegoro, R.T.A Milono and A.Donis Samad Streets. The implementation of localized plant varieties and the distribution were adjusted with the structure and the land use to increase the carbon dioxide specific absorption level were the addition of existing local green space plants, such as Pinang Merah, Serai, Kenanga, Bambu Jepang, Trembesi and Tanjung.
The plant variety based on indigenous knowledge was proven scientifically at its superiority in its carbon dioxide specific absorption rate level. The plant variety, both local and green space in general, had the fluctuating specific absorption rate characteristic. Therefore, the simultaneous cultivation (the variant diversity in such green space) was able to complete each plant varieties.
Keywords : Biodiversity, Green Space, Indigenous Knowledge, Carbon Dioxide, Palangka Raya Municipality, General Green Space Plants
English to Indonesian: Transactional, transformational, transcedental leadership: Motivation effectiveness and measurement of transcedental leadership General field: Bus/Financial Detailed field: Management
Source text - English Existent leadership theories, such transactional and transformational leadership, based on the assumption of stability and certainty, can't effectively motive employee in the quickly changing environment. This paper suggests that transcendental leadership incorporates and extends existent leadership theories by providing the motives behind the leaders' practices, altruistic love, meanings, and spiritual survival. Transcendental leadership with high internal locus of control extrinsically, intrinsically, and transcendentally motivate employee and thus is more effective than transactional leadership and transformational leadership in motivating employee in the uncertain age. In addition, based on theories, this paper tests existing spiritual leadership scale and creates a new transcendental leadership scale.
Translation - Indonesian Teori kepemimpinan ada, kepemimpinan transaksional dan transformasional seperti, berdasarkan asumsi stabilitas dan kepastian, tidak dapat secara efektif motif karyawan dengan cepat berubah lingkungan. Makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transendental menggabungkan dan meluas ada teori kepemimpinan dengan memberikan motif di balik praktek-praktek para pemimpin ', cinta altruistik, makna, dan kelangsungan hidup spiritual. Transendental kepemimpinan dengan lokus kontrol internal yang tinggi ekstrinsik, intrinsik, dan transendental memotivasi karyawan dan dengan demikian lebih efektif dari kepemimpinan transaksional dan kepemimpinan transformasional dalam memotivasi karyawan dalam pasti usia. Selain itu, berdasarkan teori, makalah ini tes skala kepemimpinan yang sudah ada rohani dan menciptakan skala kepemimpinan baru transendental.
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Translating culture and tourism promotion materials, news, legal documents (law and regulations, contracts), and forestry-agricultural journals from Indonesia to English and vice versa.
Consecutive interpreter for culture and tourism promotion.
Available to contact directly by e-mail.
Keywords: english, indonesia, dayak, banjar, palangka raya, translation, editing, consecutive interpreting, environment, literature. See more.english, indonesia, dayak, banjar, palangka raya, translation, editing, consecutive interpreting, environment, literature, tourism. See less.
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