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Eingereichte Übersetzungsbeispiele: 1
Englisch > Lettisch: Ebola virus disease General field: Medizin
Ausgangstext - Englisch Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is the human disease caused by the Ebola virus. Symptoms typically start two days to three weeks after contracting the virus, with a fever, sore throat, muscle pains, and headaches. Typically nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea follow, along with decreased functioning of the liver and kidneys. At this point, some people begin to have bleeding problems.
The virus may be acquired upon contact with blood or bodily fluids of an infected animal (commonly monkeys or fruit bats). Spread through the air has not been documented in the natural environment. Fruit bats are believed to carry and spread the virus without being affected. Once human infection occurs, the disease may spread between people as well. Male survivors may be able to transmit the disease via semen for nearly two months. In order to make the diagnosis, typically other diseases with similar symptoms such as malaria, cholera and other viral hemorrhagic fevers are first excluded. To confirm the diagnosis blood samples are tested for viral antibodies, viral RNA, or the virus itself.
Prevention includes decreasing the spread of disease from infected monkeys and pigs to humans. This may be done by checking such animals for infection and killing and properly disposing of the bodies if the disease is discovered. Properly cooking meat and wearing protective clothing when handling meat may also be helpful, as are wearing protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. Samples of bodily fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution.
There is no specific treatment for the disease; efforts to help persons who are infected include giving either oral rehydration therapy (slightly sweet and salty water to drink) or intravenous fluids. The disease has high mortality rate: often killing between 50% and 90% of those infected with the virus.
EVD was first identified in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The disease typically occurs in outbreaks in tropical regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. From 1976 (when it was first identified) through 2013, fewer than 1,000 people per year have been infected. The largest outbreak to date is the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak, which is affecting Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and likely Nigeria. As of August 2014 more than 1600 cases have been identified. Efforts are ongoing to develop a vaccine; however, none yet exists.
Übersetzung - Lettisch Ebolas vīrusslimība (EVS) jeb Ebolas hemorāģiskais drudzis (EHD) ir cilvēku slimība, ko izraisa Ebolas vīruss. Simptomi parasti sākas divas dienas līdz trīs nedēļas pēc inficēšanās ar vīrusu ar drudzi, kakla sāpēm, muskuļu sāpēm un galvassāpēm. Parasti seko slikta dūša, vemšana un caureja kopā ar aknu un nieru bojājumiem. Šajā posmā dažiem cilvēkiem sākās problēmas ar asiņošanu.
Inficēšanās ar vīrusu iespējama kontakta ceļā ar asinīm vai citiem ķermeņa šķidrumiem no inficētiem dzīvniekiem (parasti pērtiķiem vai augļēdājsikspārņiem). Izplatība pa gaisu nav dokumentēta dabiskā vidē.[2] Uzskata, ka augļēdājsikspārņi nēsā un izplata vīrusu, bet paši nav skarti. Tad, kad ir notikusi cilvēku inficēšanās, slimība var izplatīties arī no cilvēka uz cilvēku. Pēc izveseļošanās vīrieši var pārnest slimību ar spermu līdz gandrīz diviem mēnešiem. Lai noteiktu diagnozi, parasti vispirms izslēdz citas slimības ar līdzīgiem simptomiem, piemēram, malāriju, holeru un citus vīrusu hemorāģiskos drudžus. Lai apstiprinātu diagnozi, asins paraugus pārbauda attiecībā uz vīrusa antivielām, vīrusa RNS vai vīrusu pašu.
Profilakses pasākumu skaitā ir samazināt slimības izplatīšanos no inficētiem pērtiķiem un cūkām uz cilvēkiem. Tas veicams, pārbaudot šādus dzīvniekus attiecībā uz infekciju un, ja slimība ir konstatēta, nogalinot un pareizā veidā iznīcinot dzīvnieku ķermeņus. Var būt lietderīgi kārtīgi izcept gaļu un, rīkojoties ar gaļu, valkāt aizsargapģērbu, kā arī valkāt aizsargapģērbu un mazgāt rokas tā cilvēka tuvumā, kas sirgst ar šo slimību. Īpaši uzmanīgi jāapietas ar to cilvēku ķermeņa šķidrumu un audu paraugiem, kas sirgst ar šo slimību.
Specifiskas terapijas attiecībā uz šo slimību nav, cenšas inficētām personām palīdzēt, veicot vai nu perorālu rehidrācijas terapiju (dot dzert mazliet saldenu un sālītu ūdeni) vai ievadot intravenozus šķidrumus. Slimībai ir augsts mirstības koeficients: bieži mirst starp 50% un 90% no tiem, kas inficēti ar vīrusu.
Pirmoreiz EVS tika identificēta Sudānā un Kongo Demokrātiskajā Republikā. Slimība tipiski izpaužas uzliesmojumos Subsahāras Āfrikas tropiskos reģionos. No 1976. gada (kad tā tika identificēta pirmoreiz) līdz 2013. gadam ir bijuši inficēti mazāk nekā 1000 cilvēku gadā. Līdz šim lielākais uzliesmojums ir 2014. gada Rietumāfrikas Ebolas uzliesmojums, kas konstatēts Gvinejā, Sjerraleonē, Libērijā un, visticamāk, Nigērijā. Līdz 2014. gada augustam ir identificēti vairāk nekā 1600 slimības gadījumi. Turpinās centieni izstrādāt vakcīnu, tomēr tādas vēl nav.
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The translation went live on 14 August 2014: https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebolas_vīrusslimība
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