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Translation glossary: Islamic art glossary

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Showing entries 1-26 of 26
 
AllahThe Arabic word for god. 
Englisch
ByzantineEmpire The eastern division of the later Roman empire, dating from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 until its capture by the Ottomans in 1453. 
Englisch
CaliphFrom Arabic khalifa, meaning deputy or successor (to the Prophet Muhammad); the title used by early Islamic rulers. 
Englisch
Cuerda secaLiterally, \"dry cord,\" a technique of glazing ceramics in which a greasy substance mixed with manganese is used to separate the different colors to 
Englisch
FritwareA type of artificially created ceramic body combining silica, glass frit, and fine white clay. 
Englisch
HajjThe Arabic term for the pilgrimage to Mecca and the Kacba required of all Muslims. 
Englisch
HijraThe emigration of the Prophet and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622; this event also marked the beginning of the Muslim calendar. 
Englisch
IslamArabic word meaning submission (to God) and the name for the religion founded under the leadership of the prophet Muhammad; it also denotes the Muslim 
Englisch
KacbaCube-shaped shrine in Mecca (within the central courtyard of the Great Mosque), which is the focal point of Muslim prayer and pilgrimage. 
Englisch
LajvardinaFrom the Persian lajvard (lapis lazuli), a type of overglaze-decorated ceramic ware characteristically glazed deep blue. 
Englisch
LusterA decorative technique in ceramics in which compounds of silver and copper are applied over the glaze of a previously fired object, which is then refi 
Englisch
MihrabPrayer niche in a mosque or other religious structure, emphasizing the direction of prayer. 
Englisch
Mina\'iFrom Persian, meaning \"enameled\"; polychrome overglaze-decorated ceramic ware. 
Englisch
MongolsA tribe originating in the eastern part of modern-day Mongolia, which in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, under the leadership of Genghis Khan 
Englisch
MosqueAny place of Muslim communal worship. 
Englisch
MuqarnasStalactite- or honeycomb-like units used as a decorative device in Islamic architecture. 
Englisch
MuslimLiterally, \"one who submits\"; someone who adheres to the faith of Islam. 
Englisch
QiblaDirection of prayer in Islam, toward Mecca and the Kacba. 
Englisch
Qur\'anLiterally, \"recitation\"; the holy book of Islam. 
Englisch
SasaniansPre-Islamic dynasty that ruled greater Iran, 224-651. 
Englisch
ShahnamaThe Iranian national epic, completed in 1010 by Firdawsi; it tells the stories of the pre-Islamic kings and heroes. 
Englisch
ShaykhSpiritual head of the Sufi order, or tribal leader. 
Englisch
ShicitesMembers of the heterodox sect of Islam, Shicism, who recognize cAli and his descendants as the rightful successors to the Prophet. 
Englisch
SufisIslamic mystics, both Sunni and Shicite. 
Englisch
SunnisFollowers of the \"tradition,\" who believe that the Prophet’s successor should be elected; approximately 85 percent of all Muslims are Sunni. 
Englisch
TugraImperial monogram of the Ottoman sultans. 
Englisch

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