English term (edited): Matrix Force, tactics

Ýþten baþýmý kaldýrýp biraz nefes alabilmek babýndan ve de Asker arkadaþ henüz düþünme aþamasýnda olduðundan, azýcýk spekülasyonun kimseye zararý olmaz diye düþündüm.

Þu postmodernistleri anlamakta oldum olasý zorlanmýþýmdýr. Bana sanki eski bildik hikayeleri allayýp pullayýp yeni hikayeymiþ gibi anlatýyorlar gibi geliyor.
Foucoult her þeyi "okuyor," çünkü her þey bir "metin."
de Certeau her þeyi "görüyor," çünkü her þey güçü olanlar ile olmayanlarýn üzerinde çarpýþtýðý bir "mekan" (landsacpe)

Aþaðýda, "anlamadan anladýklarýmý" anlatmaya çalýþayým.

Here it goes:

de Certeau, yakýn zamanýn ilahiyatçýsý mý desem, felsefecisi mi desem, yoksa psikanalisti mi, seçmek zor. Aslýnda hepsi birden. Daha çok tüketici davranýþlarý üzerinde çalýþmýþ. "Tüketmenin de aslýnda bir tür üretim" olduðu gibi ilginç ve dikkate deðer bir yaklaþýmý var. Fransýzca'dan çevrilmiþ olmasý iþi biraz zorlaþtýrýyor.

Kullandýðý terimleri Türkçe'ye çevirirken dikkatli olmak gerek, çünkü anlayabildiðim kadarýyla o bu terimlere yeni anlamlar yüklüyor. Matrix türü filmlerin ilham kaynaðýnýn da de Certeau olduðunu söylemeden geçemeyeceðim.
Terimler üzerinde durmadan önce, yukarýdaki alýntýnýn devamýna bir bakalým:

"The imaginary landscape of an inquiry is not without value, even if it is without rigor. It restores what was earlier called 'popular culture',,but it does so in order to transform what was represented as a matrix force of history into a mobile infinity of tactics. It thus keeps before our eyes the structure of a social imagination in which the problem constantly takes different forms and begins anew. It also wards off the effects of analysis which necessarily grasps these practices only on the margins of a technical apparatus, at the point where they alter or defeat its instruments. It is the study itself which is marginal with respect to the phenomena studied. The landscape that represents these phenomena in an imaginary mode thus has an overall corrective and therapeutic value in resisting their reduction by a lateral examination. It at leasts assures their presence as ghosts. This return to another scene thus reminds us of the relation between the experience of these practices and what remains of them in an analysis. It is evidence, evidence which can only be fantastic and not scientific, of the disproportion between everyday tactics and a strategic elucidation. Of all things everyone does, how much gets written down? Between the two, the image, the phantom of the expert but mute body, preserves the difference."

Anlayabilene aþkolsun!
Kendi sözlerinden, kullandýðý terimlere bakalým (alýntýlar, "The Practice of Everyday Life" adlý kitabýndandýr)

Strateji ve taktik için þunlarý söylüyor:
[p.35-36] "I call a strategy the calculation (or manipulation) of power relationships that becomes possible as soon as a subject with will and power (a business, an army, a city, a scientific institution) can be isolated. It postulates a place that can be delimited as its own and serve as the base from which relations with an exteriority composed of targets or threats (customers or competitors, enemies, the country surrounding the city, objectives and objects of research, etc.) can be managed. As in management, every 'strategic' rationalization seeks first of all to distinguish its 'own' place, that is, the place of its own power and will, from an 'environment.' A Cartesian attitude, if you wish: it is an effort to delimit one’s own place in a world bewitched by the invisible powers of the Other. It is also the typical attitude of modern science, politics, and military strategy."

[p. 36-37] "By contrast with strategy […] a tactic is a calculated action determined by the absence of a proper locus. […] The space of the tactic is the space of the other. Thus it must play on and with a terrain imposed on it and organized by the law of a foreign power. It does not have the means to keep to itself, at a distance, in a position of withdrawal, foresight, and self-collection: it is a maneuver 'within the enemy’s field of vision.' […] and within enemy territory. It does not, therefore, have the options of planning general strategy and viewing the adversary as a whole within a district, visible, and objectifiable space. It operates in isolated actions, blow by blow. It takes advantage of 'opportunities' and depends on them, being without any base where it could stockpile its winnings, build up its own position, and plan raids. What it wins it cannot keep. […] A tactic is an art of the weak."

[p. 38] "[…] a tactic is determined by the absence of power just as a strategy is organized by the postulation of power. […] strategies pin their hopes on the resistance that the establishment of a place offers to the erosion of time; tactics on a clever utilization of time, of the opportunities it presents and also of the play that it introduces into the foundations of power."

En basit haliyle ortaya koyacak olursak "taktik," güçsüzlerin, sokaktaki insanlarýn, egemenlik altýnda olanlarýn, strateji uygulayanlarýn (yani egemen güçlerin, büyük þirketlerin, iktidarlarýn, ordularýn, vb.) karþýsýnda giriþtikleri deðiþken, o ana baðlý, geçici manevralardýr.
Yani strateji iktidarla, "güçü olanla" iliþkilidir.
Taktik ise "gücü olmayanla"

Biraz daha okuyalým:
In contrast, tactical actions are defined by their very lack of a "proper place." The advantage of this itinerant existence lies in a certain freedom gained; the movements of the tactic act like guerilla combat engagements. A tactic "is a maneuver 'within the enemy's field of vision,' as von Bülow put it, and within enemy territory. It does not, therefore, have the options of planning general strategy and viewing the adversary as a whole within a distinct, visible, and objectifiable space. It operates in isolated actions, blow by blow" (37). Within such a context, mobility, survival, and success, become virtually synonymous. Inasmuch as the strategic depends upon the panoptic structures analyzed by Foucault to maintain a mastery of sight over the terrain, tactics "must vigilantly make use of the cracks that particular conjunctions open in the surveillance of the proprietary powers" (37). To the extent that they expand vision, strategies "transform the uncertainties of history into readable spaces," thereby reinforcing the "power of knowledge," or in the school's case, the system of cultural capital exchange. The tactic turns this power's weakness ("power is bound by its very visibility") against itself, relying on deception, multi-voicedness, and improvisation; in the school, the tactic challenges the canon, through improvisation.

Demek ki, buradaki "mobility" bir arkadaþýn söylediði gibi bir "kaypaklýktan" farklýdýr. Mobility, kelimenin tam anlamýyla bir "hareketliliktir," týpký bir gerillanýn düzenli ordu karþýsýndaki hareketliliði gibi.

Metne böyle bakýnca, "matrix-force"un da ne olduðu konusunda bir þeyler sezinleriz. "Matrix force" aslýnda bir "dýþ güçtür"

de Certeau'nun "inquiry" ile kastettiði þeyin de "strateji uygulayan" güçlülere karþý özgürleþme çabasýyla iliþkili olduðu düþünülünce, metin daha bir anlaþýlýr oluyor.

Anladýðým kadarýný toparlayacak olursam:
Strateji, güçlülerin elindeki bir silahtýr. Zamana ve coðrafyaya "landsacpe) yayýlýr. Önceden belirlenmiþtir, kurallarý vardýr. Önceden belirlenen bir hedefe yöneliktir (Ýsrail'in Filistinlilere karþý uyguladýðý strateji)
Taktik, güçsüzlerin elindeki bir silahtýr. Zamana ve coðrafyaya baðlý deðildir, hem zamansal hem de coðrafi olarak anlýktýr, geçicidir. O anýn fýrsatlarýndan yararlanmayý hedefleyen bir manevradýr. (Filistinliler).
Mobility, taktik uygulayanlarýn hareketliliðidir.
Matrix force, onlarýn (güçlülerin) elindeki güçler matrisidir. Örneðin, Müzik endüstrisi ve onun elindeki tüm olanaklar, bir "matrix force"dur. Onlarýn karþýsýnda direnmeye çalýþan gariban "progressive rock"çýlarýn çabalarý, "mobile infinity of tactics"tir.
Inquiry = "literary criticism"dir.
Imaginary landscape = bu "inquiry"nin gerçekleþtiði mekandýr.

Söz konusu kitabý henüz okumadým. Tam olarak anladýðýmý söyleyemem. Ama sezgisel olarak anladýðým kadarýyla, yukarýda verdiðiniz alýntýyý þöyle çevirebiliriz:

"Bir sorgulamanýn hayali mekaný [coðrafyasý] güçten (mantýki geçerlilikten, vs.) yoksun olsa bile hiç de deðersiz deðildir. Sorgulama, bir zamanlar “popüler kültür” denen þeye yeniden hayat verir, ama bunu, tarihin matris gücü diye ifade edilen þeyi hareketli bir sonsuz taktikler dizisine dönüþtürmek için yapar."

hih

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Note added at 2 days 18 hrs 44 mins (2004-10-27 16:45:38 GMT)
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Metin post ederken niye böyle karıştı, anlayamadım. \"Ağır geldi herhal!\"