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Ausgangstext - Deutsch Drei Arten von Ernteameisen finden sich nicht nur nebeneinander in einem Lebensraum, sondern auch in gemischten Staaten. Obwohl sie nicht nahe verwandt sind, kommt es regelmäßig zu Kreuzungen. Warum diese Tiere die Artgrenze ignorieren, untersucht ein internationales Wissenschaftlerteam der Universitäten Innsbruck, Wien, Parma und Queensland sowie des Senckenberg Museums für Naturkunde Görlitz.
Ein Staat – eine Art. Vermischung von Kolonien verschiedener Ameisenarten galt bisher als seltene Ausnahme. Drei Arten der Gattung Messor leben aber nicht nur ausnahmsweise in Gemeinschaft. In Italien beobachteten Ameisenexperten, dass sowohl mehrere Arten mit verschiedenen Königinnen in einer Kolonie hausen, als auch Individuen herumkrabbeln, die weder dem einen noch dem anderen Volk eindeutig zuzuordnen sind. Das ist bemerkenswert, da bei nicht nah verwandten Arten eine Vermischung von Genen, die so genannte Hybridisierung, sehr selten ist.
Das macht den Effekt umso interessanter für die Wissenschaftler. Die Vermischung verschiedener Spezies kann eine wirkungsvolle Strategie der Natur sein, um neue Eigenschaften in den Arten zu etablieren und damit das Überleben zu erleichtern. Hybridisierung – bisher als Ausnahme oder Unfall betrachtet – rückt immer mehr in den Fokus der Evolutionsforschung. „Denn was genetisch und im sichtbaren Bauplan der Nachkommen aus Kreuzungen geschieht, hilft Fragen zur Artabgrenzung, entstehung und beständigkeit zu klären“, sagt Ameisenexperte Bernhard Seifert vom Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz.
Übersetzung - Englisch Three species of harvester ants share not only the same habitat but also the same colony. Although they are not closely related, they often interbreed. The reason behind these ants’ disregard for boundaries between species is being investigated by an international team of scientists from the universities of Innsbruck, Vienna, Parma and Queensland and from the Seckenberg Museum of Natural History in Görlitz.
One colony – one species. Cases of different species of ants interbreeding have been considered anomalies, until now. Three species of the genus messor live in a shared community, and not in exceptional circumstances. In Italy, ant experts observed that various species with different queens lived within the same colony and that there were individuals crawling among them that cannot be clearly classified as belonging to one group or the other. This is remarkable because hybridisation, or interbreeding of non-closely related species, is a very rare occurrence.
This makes the topic even more interesting for the scientists. Interbreeding between different species can be an effective strategy in nature to introduce new characteristics in the species so they can survive more easily. Hybridisation – until now considered an anomaly or accident – is gaining increasing attention from evolutionary scientists. “This is because what happens genetically and in the visible blueprint of the descendants of interbreeding helps explain the boundaries between species, their origins and how stable they are” says ant expert Bernhard Seifert from the Seckenberg Museum of Natural History in Görlitz.
Ausgangstext - Spanisch Discusión comparativa
Los resultados obtenidos muestran como la historia evolutiva de cada una de las especies estudiadas está llena de particularidades únicas, lo cual obliga a que cualquier política de conservación tenga que ser específica para cada una de ellas. Lo que parecen tener en común todas las especies estudiadas es que ninguna de ellas necesita de programas "ex–situ", o de introducción de animales con características genéticas diferentes, para elevar los niveles de diversidad génica en sus respectivas poblaciones naturales. Por lo tanto, lo que es prioritario es la no destrucción del hábitat acuático, en el caso del delfín rosado, más estrictas medidas de control de la caza y la no alteración del hábitat terrestre para las otras cuatro especies. Para ello, es indispensable la aplicación de programas y recursos para educar convenientemente a las co munidades indígenas y de colonos que ejercen una fuerte presión depredadora en las especies referi das en el contexto amazónico.
Los resultados genéticos mostrados aquí pueden ayudar a consolidar estrategias de protección específicas para las poblaciones amazónicas de las especies reportadas. Este hecho es importante ya que, como reconocen Meffe & Carroll (1997), la persistencia de poblaciones dentro de sistemas locales puede ser más importante que la simple persistencia global de especies porque la pérdida de poblaciones locales representa una declinación importante en la biodiversidad si esas poblaciones contienen trazos genéticos o fenotípicos únicos. Por ejemplo, mientras que en términos de especie no se ha perdido biodiversidad en la familia de los rinoceróntidos en los dos últimos siglos porque ninguna especie se ha extinguido, desde el punto de vista poblacional, la pérdida de biodiversidad ha sido mayúscula. En el mejor de los casos han desaparecido más del 95% de las poblaciones que existían hace un siglo (Ashley et al., 1990; Dinerstein & McCracken, 1990; Santiapillai, 1992).
Übersetzung - Englisch Comparative Discussion
The results obtained indicate that the evolutionary history of each species studied is full of unique characteristics, which indicates that any conservation policy must be specific to each species. What all the species considered in the study appear to have in common is that none of them require captive programmes or the introduction of animals with different genetic traits to increase gene diversity in their respective natural populations. Therefore, the priorities are the conservation of aquatic habitat for the pink river dolphin and stricter hunting control measures and the conservation of terrestrial habitat for the other four species. It is essential that programmes and resources be applied to adequately educate the indigenous and colonial communities that exert great predatory pressure on these species inhabiting the Amazonian region.
The genetic results presented in this study can help strengthen conservation strategies specific to the Amazonian populations of the species analysed. This is essential because the preservation of populations within local systems can be more important than the simple continued existence of a species on a global scale, since the loss of local populations represents a significant decline in biodiversity if those populations have unique genetic or phenotypic traits (Meffe & Carroll, 1997). For example, whereas in species terms the family Rhinocerotidae has experienced no biodiversity loss over the last two centuries because no species have become extinct, from a population perspective, the loss of biodiversity has been colossal. In the best-case scenario, over 95% of the populations that existed a century ago has now disappeared (Ashley et al., 1990; Dinerstein & McCracken, 1990; Santiapillai, 1992).
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Master's degree - Bristol University
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Übersetzungserfahrung in Jahren: 11. Angemeldet bei ProZ.com seit: May 2015. Mitglied seit: Jun 2023.
Hello! I'm Natalia, an experienced translator with over 10 years of professional practice. I was raised multilingually in Mallorca and pursued comprehensive linguistic education in the UK. My career spans various linguistic roles, enriched by having lived in five different countries.
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